<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This article reviews the perspectives of ulama in shaping the locality of tolerance in the public sphere of education in Langsa, Aceh by highlighting the fact that there is local tolerance as a critical argument against the hegemony of the universal meaning of tolerance. Using a qualitative methodology, this article explores the perspective of scholars regarding the limits of tolerance such as clothing, social interaction, religious and organizational activities, and the right to receive religious education among non-Muslim students and students. This study produced several findings, first, the way to treat diversity in the Langsa-Aceh public education space is distinctive because the ulama's perspective on tolerance presents local practice both in terms of dress styles, religious and organizational activism, and religious education. Second, the perspective of these scholars reconstructs the meaning of tolerance which was originally universal in a direction that is local and contextual.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Ulama, Locality, Tolerance, Education, Aceh</p>

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study aims to analyze Al-Mukhlis Mosque as an Indian-Muslims heritage at Tebing Tinggi City. Data were based on Religious Court documents and interviews of the mosque’s managers. Reliable history of the mosque could be established only since 1920s. Its historical milestones includes 1) the first waqf in 1920 by Kuti Kaka, 2) change of name to Al-Mukhlis Mosque in 1950, 3) main restoration in 1978, 4) legal waqf status by Religious Court in 1986, and 5) a total renovation in 2014. Al-Mukhlis Mosque current management is appointed by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The mosque activities include worship, Islamic education, and general social activities. Finally, its Indian identity remains socially acknowledged because of the presence of the Indian-Muslim community as its organizer and funder. The mosque might become the starting point for the revival of Indian-Muslims’ roles of the city.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Indian-Muslim, Mosque, East Sumatra, North Sumatra, Islam</p>

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>On November 9, 2019, the Supreme Court of India issued a ruling allowing for the construction of a temple dedicated to the Hindu deity Ram on the site of Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, Uttara Pradesh. Similarly, on July 10, 2020, the State of Council, the highest administrative court in Turkey, issued an order to convert the status of Istanbul's Hagia Sophia from a museum back into a mosque. The court's decision in both nations has been regarded as a transformative political development within their respective contexts. This decision has garnered praise from certain individuals, while also attracting criticism from others, both domestically and internationally. This article is thematically based, library-focused, and qualitative. The article examines and evaluates both cases based on the existing evidence pertaining to the historical structures, and endeavours to propose the most persuasive perspective to adopt in such situations. The study's findings suggest that the judicial decision under scrutiny exhibits a greater inclination towards political considerations rather than rational ones.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Hagia Sophia, Babri Mosque, Judicial Rulings, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Narendra Modi</p>

<p><strong>Abstract</strong>: This study aimed to discuss the role of Tuanku Hasan Basri (THB) in developing Tariqa Shattariyya (TS) in Medan City. THB, a murshid of Tariqa Shattariya from Ulakan, Pariaman, West Sumatra, comes from the Pariaman community as the practitioners of TS integrated into the prevailing social traditions in Medan City. Therefore, the study question was about the role of THB in maintaining and developing TS. The method used refers to qualitative research and will present in-depth descriptive-analytical information. The approach chosen is life history, which seeks to explore and explain the history and role of the figures studied. The data source comes from the figure studied, namely THB. Data was collected using the stages of observation, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, data analysis is carried out by separating primary data from supporting data. Then, interpret the data. The results showed that THB played a role in increasing the number of <em>surau</em>s developments affiliated with TS in Medan City and lead to 27 active teaching groups as a spiritual and traditional leader.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Tariqa Shattariyya, Tuanku Hasan Basri, <em>Surau,</em> Local Wisdom</p>

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This paper examines the political paradigm of Muhammadiyah in thinking and behaving because Muhammadiyah can survive to surpass political impediments for more than a century ago. Methodologically, it is qualitative research by utilising documentary study and in-depth interviews as the data-gathering technique. The finding demonstrates that “consciousness to liberate” is the political paradigm of Muhammadiyah. This paradigm has three interrelated dimensions: transcendental dimension, humanistic dimension, and modernity dimension. The former indicates the prophetic consciousness, the middle demonstrates the liberation theology, and the latter denotes the values Muhammadiyah’s goal. Therefore, the Muhammadiyah consciousness to strives for prophetic missions not merely restricted to liberate humankind from colonisation, oppression, backwardness, and poverty but also to liberate mustadh‘afin from unfair policies and liberal systems. </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Muhammadiyah, consciousness, political paradigm, liberation, <em>al-Mâ‘ûn</em></p>

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> One of the most heated debate in a diverse and plural legal system in such as Indonesia, is the issue of harmonization of sharia and tradition. This paper is an attempt to study the extent to which the harmonization of Islamic law and tradition in Aceh. Using a qualitative approach, this paper focuses on walimat al-‘urs tradition. The author argues that differences between tradition and shari’a may become an avenue for new configuration that would be preserved as a uniting factor in the foreseeable future Indonesia. The data was obtained from in-depth interviews with important local figures. The research shows that sharia through ‘urf theoretical framework could not accepts the richness of indigenous entities.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>walimat al-‘urs</em>, <em>‘urf</em>, sharia, Aceh</p>

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The aim of this research is to look at the Shia educational movement in Indonesia as it develops its philosophy. Document study activities, observation, and interviews were used to gather data. Two findings were offered in this study. The first is marriage, which is a technique for expanding the number of Shiites in Indonesia by allowing a husband and wife to establish an Islamic family structure based on Shia beliefs. In this setting, the family serves as the primary educational institution in Indonesia for the young Shia generation. The second, internalization of information, attitudes, and abilities, takes place in activities created by Islamic organizations and foundations founded by Shia groups in Indonesia. The many organizations and foundations involved in education and religion have formed a venue for Shia community education in introducing and propagating their schools of thought.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> educational institutions, shia, minority groups</p>

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> There is an increasing interest in the study of Christian identity as a minority in a Muslim majority country. However, the study of plurality regarding the Christian identity considering the context of Islamic Sharia in Aceh is still limited. This article discusses the formation and representation of Christian identity in Aceh by focusing on how they negotiate internal aspirations in the context of Islamic Sharia. The data are based on in-depth interviews with fifteen Christian figures consisting of priests and religious leaders in five districts/cities in Aceh. The article argues that the internal and external dynamics of Christians influenced the narration of their identity in Aceh. The article shows the context of Islamic Sharia and the plurality of Christian internal aspirations resulting in unsimplifiable to a single genre, but rather polyphonic and sometimes mutually contested.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Aceh Christian, identity reproduction, sharia law</p>

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This article is aimed to explore the contested authorities in the enforcement of sharia law in Aceh. The existence of these contesting authorities could be observed in the qanun shari’a  (the shari’a bylaws) formulation and implementation processes. In Aceh Province, this contestation is also further complicated by a wider contestation among formal and non-formal actors, representing pluralities of Aceh jurisprudence perspectives.  Hence, the dynamic of sharia law products and its  implementation in Aceh actually [re]presents a unique situation of how pluralities of actors could influence the Sharia Law formulation and its enforcement, and this is also mediated by the historical, political and cultural contexts. This research utilizes a qualitative approach, through a library research data collection which is also combined by few interviews. Generally, it seems that  the authorities or agencies  of both formal and non-formal institutions sometimes intersect, overlap and contest, which also complicate the production or of the incorporation of moderate Islamic thought. </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> religious authority, institution, agency, Islam in Aceh, shariah law</p>

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This research is a study of the history of an educational figure about the implication of Islamic education related to the thoughts of Abu Teupin Raya, one of prominent educational figure from Aceh. Historical and sociological approach of knowledge were used. Meanwhile, the primary sources were the textual works of Abu Teupin Raya. Another major source was informants, those were the children of figure who were still alive and his students who had learned directly from him. Methods of data collection were done through the study of any literatures and in-depth interviews. All data collected was then selected, classified, verified systematically to the problem and the scope of the study. Furthermore, the data was analyzed by using content analysis and historical continuity method. This study found; First, the process of transformation of Islamic education in Aceh was closely linked with the historical, philosophical, and sociological foundation. Second, the idea of Islamic education which were transformed in the form of Islamic boarding institutions in Aceh had positive implications not only to the paradigm changes in the system of Islamic education but also to the management of educational institutions, financial administration system, even the curriculum and teaching methods.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Abu Teupin Raya, transforming, Islamic education, Aceh</p>